The neck has a significant amount of motion and supports the weight of the head. However, because it is less protected than the rest of the spine, the neck can be vulnerable to injury and disorders that produce pain and restrict motion.

Minimally invasive techniques for spine surgery were initiated in the 1980’s and have evolved and improved in the past three decades thanks to technical innovations.

A microdiscectomy is useful to relieve pain due to a disc herniation that is pressing on a nerve.

Living with chronic back or neck pain can lead to depression, feelings of stress, anxiety, sadness, and other mental health-related symptoms.

Medications can play a useful role in patients with spine pain when used in conjunction with rehabilitation, spinal injections, and/or surgery.

Many clinicians including osteopathic physicians, chiropractors, physical therapists and massage therapists have undergone specialized training to develop the skill-sets to evaluate and treat patients with spinal disorders using various hands-on techniques.

Zygapophysial joints (also known as facet joints or z-joints) are located on the back (posterior) of the spine on each side where two adjacent vertebrae meet.

As we age, our body degenerates with time. However, some people have a higher risk of certain degenerative conditions due to a genetic bias.

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common cause of low back, buttock and leg pain in adults 50 years and older.

A common cause of low back and leg pain is lumbar spinal stenosis. Spinal stenosis most often occurs in adults over 60 years old. Pressure on the nerve roots is equally common in men and women.