The vertebrae are connected by a disc and two small joints called "facet" joints. As you get older, the center of the disc may start to lose water content, making the disc less effective as a cushion. As a disc deteriorates, the outer layer can also tear.

If there is pain at one or more levels due to disc degeneration, the adjoining segments can be fused together to limit motion and stabilize the segment.

Spinal fractures can vary widely in severity. Some fractures are very serious injuries that result from high-energy trauma and require emergency treatment.

Flatback syndrome was initially described in a series of patients who had been treated with Harrington spinal instrumentation.

‘Sagittal’ is a medical term associated with the Sagittal Plane, which refers to the appearance of the spine when viewed from the side.

Every illness has its own unique set of challenges, but there’s something about an “invisible illness” that has even more hurdles.

Whether immediately or months after your procedure, pain and other symptoms may return—a phenomenon known as failed back surgery (FBS).

While the disc functions as a shock absorber, the right and left facet joints are gliding joints, which allow motions such as bending and twisting.

Tumors of the spine, their treatment and prognosis are varied.

Exercise is critical to maintaining a healthy back. People who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from back pain and can recover more quickly if injury occurs.